I don't think this has much to do with color spaces, rather color selection. The color in photoshop have a K(N) value of 0, which when using CMYK in VUO will render a fully saturated and bright color. It seems like Photoshop derives the grey value for the top 3rd of the spectrum from the amount of CMY, then starts exponentially adding K(N) from that point until reaching K(N) = 80 to 90 at the bottom (totally black). You can either adjust the black level manually (which probably won't produce the same color):

Or use a Make Hex Color node to get the desired result: